The Replacement Economy: Why Some Companies Profit from Products That Don't Last

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Aimee Silverwood | Financial Analyst

Published: July 25, 2025

Planned obsolescence creates predictable revenue by designing products with limited lifespans to ensure repeat purchases. Tech leaders drive predictable upgrade cycles through this strategy, boosting annual hardware and software sales. Investing in planned obsolescence shares may offer access to companies with stable revenue and strong brand loyalty. Key risks for investors include potential regulatory changes and consumer shifts toward more sustainable products.

The Enduring Appeal of Things That Break

I have a graveyard of electronics in a drawer at home. A phone that became infuriatingly slow after a software ‘update’. A games console that can’t play any new titles. A printer that, I suspect, simply decided its time on this earth was done. It’s a common frustration, isn’t it? That feeling of being nudged, not so gently, towards buying the latest and greatest model. But what if this isn't just bad luck or shoddy manufacturing? What if it’s a deliberate, and frankly brilliant, business strategy?

To me, this isn't some shadowy conspiracy. It’s a cold, hard, and often very profitable, business calculation. The idea of selling a product that lasts a lifetime is lovely, but it’s a terrible way to build a recurring revenue stream. Why sell one washing machine every twenty years when you can sell one every five? This is the core of the replacement economy, a world where products are designed with a finite lifespan to ensure we all keep coming back for more.

The Masters of the Upgrade Cycle

Some companies have turned this into a fine art. Take Apple. Every year, a new iPhone appears, with a slightly better camera and a new chip. At the same time, a software update often rolls out that, mysteriously, seems to make older models feel a bit sluggish. It’s a masterful one-two punch. The new model tempts you, while your current one gently pushes you out the door. It creates a predictable, almost subscription-like, upgrade cycle that investors find incredibly appealing.

It’s the same story in the world of gaming. Sony’s PlayStation consoles create clear generational divides. Once a new console is out, support and new games for the old one begin to dry up, forcing the hands of serious gamers. Electronic Arts does it on an annual basis. If you want the latest team rosters for your favourite football game, you have no choice but to buy the new version each year. It’s less a one-off purchase and more of an annual tax on being a fan.

A Risky But Rewarding Game

Of course, this is a high-wire act. There’s a fine line between encouraging an upgrade and alienating your customer base entirely. The court of public opinion can be brutal, and the spectre of environmental concerns looms large. How long can companies justify a model that creates mountains of electronic waste? Regulators are starting to take notice, with ‘right to repair’ movements gaining traction. A company that pushes its luck too far could face significant backlash that might harm its brand and, consequently, its share price.

Yet, from an investor’s point of view, the logic is hard to ignore. In a world full of uncertainty, a business that can reliably predict its sales for the next few years is a rare and valuable thing. These companies often have incredibly strong brands and loyal customers who are willing to go along for the ride. They have built ecosystems that are difficult to leave, creating a powerful moat against competitors. It’s a controversial strategy, but one that has underpinned the success of some of the market’s biggest names, many of which are found in thematic baskets like the Planned Obsolescence.

Ultimately, as long as technology continues to advance at a blistering pace, this cycle seems likely to continue. A two year old phone genuinely might struggle with the latest AI features. This gives companies the perfect cover. The obsolescence feels natural, even necessary. It’s a cynical view, perhaps, but in the world of investing, understanding the mechanics of what makes people spend their money, again and again, is a perspective that could prove quite useful.

Deep Dive

Market & Opportunity

  • Companies deliberately design products with limited lifespans to drive repeat sales and create predictable revenue streams.
  • The strategy is effective in technology sectors where rapid innovation provides natural justification for replacement cycles.
  • Companies with strong brand loyalty can use this strategy to protect market share.
  • The business model can create steadier cash flow and potentially more stable stock performance.

Key Companies

  • Apple (AAPL): Core technology includes the iPhone ecosystem and software updates that slow older devices. The strategy targets customers who replace devices every two to three years, generating consistent iPhone revenue.
  • Sony Corporation (SONY): Core technology is the PlayStation gaming console division, which uses generational hardware upgrades to make previous consoles obsolete. The strategy targets gaming enthusiasts who must upgrade to access new games and online services.
  • Electronic Arts Inc. (EA): Core products are annually refreshed sports franchises like FIFA and Madden NFL. The strategy requires players to purchase the latest version for updated rosters and online multiplayer access, effectively creating an annual subscription model.

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Primary Risk Factors

  • Consumer backlash against perceived manipulation could damage brand reputation.
  • Environmental concerns regarding electronic waste and resource consumption may lead to negative sentiment.
  • The regulatory environment may shift to include restrictions on electronic waste and greater consumer protection.
  • Evolving consumer attitudes, particularly among younger generations prioritizing sustainability, could reduce acceptance of the strategy.

Growth Catalysts

  • Rapid technological advancement in areas like AI and processors naturally shortens product lifecycles.
  • Shortening replacement cycles could further boost revenue for companies that manage the strategy effectively.
  • The rise of subscription-based models offers an alternative way to generate recurring revenue without physical replacement.

Investment Access

  • The Planned Obsolescence theme is available through a Neme on the Nemo platform.
  • The platform is regulated by the ADGM.
  • Offers commission-free investing.
  • Provides access through fractional shares starting from $1.
  • Includes AI-driven research tools.

Recent insights

How to invest in this opportunity

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Frequently Asked Questions

This article is marketing material and should not be construed as investment advice. No information set out in this article be considered, as advice, recommendation, offer, or a solicitation, to buy or sell any financial product, nor is it financial, investment, or trading advice. Any references to specific financial product or investment strategy are for illustrative / educational purposes only and subject to change without notice. It is the investor’s responsibility to evaluate any prospective investment, assess their own financial situation, and seek independent professional advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Please refer to our Risk Disclosure.

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