The Beautifully Simple Maths of It All
You don’t need a doctorate in economics to understand why bankers might be quietly rubbing their hands together. Their business model is, at its core, beautifully straightforward. They borrow money cheaply from us, the savers, and lend it out at a higher rate. The gap between those two rates, the net interest margin, is their bread and butter. When a central bank hikes interest rates, that gap can widen into a chasm.
Imagine a bank that was paying 1% on deposits and lending out mortgages at 4%. A tidy, if unspectacular, business. Now, the Fed comes along and pushes rates up. Suddenly, that same bank might be charging 6% on new loans whilst only having to nudge its savings rates up to 2%. That extra profit margin flows almost directly to the bottom line. It’s why a behemoth like Citigroup, with its vast global lending operations, could be positioned for a rather profitable period. It’s simple leverage.